How Transformers Work
A transformer is an electrical device used to change the magnitude of an alternating current voltage and works on the principle based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. A transformer consists of two or more coils that are connected to each other by a magnetic core.
When the input coil of a transformer (called the primary coil) is energised, a varying magnetic field is produced. This magnetic field passes through the secondary coil, resulting in an induced electromotive force in the secondary coil. Since there are conductors in the secondary coil, the induced electromotive force causes electrons to move through the conductors, producing an electric current. In this way, the energy which was electrical energy is converted into magnetic field energy and then into electrical energy.
The principle of a transformer can be expressed by the following equation:
Vp/Np = Vs/Ns
Where Vp is the voltage of the primary coil, Np is the number of turns of the primary coil, Vs is the voltage of the secondary coil, Ns is the number of turns of the secondary coil. This equation shows that a transformer changes the voltage by changing the ratio of turns of the coil.
The working principle of a transformer can be illustrated by the following steps:
1. when an alternating current is passed through the primary coil, an alternating magnetic field is produced.
2. The alternating magnetic field passes through the secondary coil, causing an induced electromotive force to be generated in the secondary coil. 3.
3. The induced electromotive force causes a current to flow in the secondary coil. 4.
4. according to the above equation, the ratio of voltage and number of turns in the primary and secondary coils determines the output voltage.
By means of transformers, the voltage can be raised or lowered, which helps in more efficient use of electrical energy in power transmission and electronic equipment. Transformers are used in a wide variety of applications including industrial, commercial and domestic electricity. They are very important devices in the power system to achieve efficient performance in the transmission and distribution of electrical energy.
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